以下译文（谷歌翻译），仅供参考，
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Debian 10 "破坏者被"释放
2019年7月6日
经过25个月的开发，Debian项目很自豪地推出了新的稳定版本10（代号名称），由于Debian安全团队和Debian长期支持团队的共同工作，该版本将在未来5年内得到支持 。
Debian 10 "buster"附带了几个桌面应用程序和环境。 其中包括桌面环境：
肉桂3.8，
GNOME 3.30，
KDE等离子5.14，
LXDE 0.99.2，
LXQt 0.14，
MATE 1.20，
Xfce 4.12。
在此版本中，GNOME默认使用Wayland显示服务器而不是Xorg。 Wayland拥有更简单，更现代的设计，具有安全性方面的优势。 但是，默认情况下仍然安装Xorg显示服务器，默认显示管理器允许用户选择Xorg作为下一个会话的显示服务器。
由于Reproducible Builds项目，Debian 10中包含的91％以上的源代码包将构建逐位相同的二进制包。 这是一项重要的验证功能，可以保护用户免遭恶意企图篡改编译器和构建网络。 未来的Debian版本将包括工具和元数据，以便最终用户可以验证存档中包的来源。
对于安全敏感环境中的用户，默认情况下会安装并启用用于限制程序功能的强制访问控制框架AppArmor。 此外，APT提供的所有方法（cdrom，gpgv和rsh除外）都可以选择使用"seccomp-BPF"沙盒。 APT的https方法包含在apt包中，不需要单独安装。
默认情况下，网络过滤基于Debian 10 "buster中"的nftables框架。 从iptables v1.8.2开始，二进制包包括iptables-nft和iptables-legacy，iptables命令行界面的两个变体。 基于nftables的变体使用nf_tables Linux内核子系统。 "替代"系统可用于在变体之间进行选择。
Debian 7中首次引入的UEFI（ "统一可扩展固件接口" ）支持（代号为"wheezy" ）继续在Debian 10中大大改进。 此版本中包含针对amd64，i386和arm64体系结构的安全引导支持，并且应该在大多数启用安全启动的计算机上开箱即用。 这意味着用户不再需要在固件配置中禁用安全启动支持。
默认情况下，杯子和杯子过滤器包安装在Debian 10 "buster中" ，为用户提供了利用无人驾驶打印所需的一切。 网络打印队列和IPP打印机将通过cups-browsed自动设置和管理，并且可以省去使用非免费供应商的打印驱动程序和插件。
Debian 10 "buster"包含许多更新的软件包（在之前版本中超过62％的所有软件包），例如：
Apache 2.4.38
BIND DNS服务器9.11
铬73.0
Emacs 26.1
Firefox 60.7（在firefox-esr包中）
GIMP 2.10.8
GNU编译器集合7.4和8.3
GnuPG 2.2
Golang 1.11
Inkscape 0.92.4
LibreOffice 6.1
Linux 4.19系列
MariaDB 10.3
OpenJDK 11
Perl 5.28
PHP 7.3
PostgreSQL 11
Python 3 3.7.2
Ruby 2.5.1
Rustc 1.34
桑巴4.9
systemd 241
雷鸟60.7.2
Vim 8.1
超过59,000个其他即用型软件包，由近29,000个源包构建而成。
凭借广泛的软件包选择及其传统的广泛架构支持，Debian再次坚持其作为通用操作系统的目标。 它适用于许多不同的用例：从桌面系统到上网本; 从开发服务器到集群系统; 以及数据库，Web和存储服务器。 与此同时，Debian存档中所有软件包的自动安装和升级测试等额外的质量保证工作确保了"buster"满足用户对Debian稳定版本的高度期望。
共支持十种架构：64位PC / Intel EM64T / x86-64（ amd64 ），32位PC / Intel IA-32（ i386 ），64位little-endian Motorola / IBM PowerPC（ ppc64el ）， 64位IBM S / 390（ s390x ），适用于ARM， armhf和armhf适用于较旧和较新的32位硬件，还有arm64适用于64位"AArch64"架构，适用于MIPS， mips （big-endian）和mipsel （用于32位硬件的体系结构和用于64位小端硬件的mips64el体系结构。
想试试看？
如果您只是想在不安装的情况下尝试使用Debian 10 "buster" ，您可以使用其中一个可用的实时图像 ，通过计算机的内存以只读状态加载和运行整个操作系统。
这些实时图像是为amd64和i386架构提供的，可用于DVD，USB记忆棒和网络引导设置。 用户可以在不同的桌面环境中进行选择：Cinnamon，GNOME，KDE Plasma，LXDE，MATE，Xfce以及新产品，LXQt。 Debian Live Buster重新引入了标准的实时图像，因此也可以在没有任何图形用户界面的情况下尝试基本的Debian系统。
如果您喜欢操作系统，您可以选择从实时图像安装到计算机的硬盘上。 实时图像包括Calamares独立安装程序以及标准Debian安装程序。 有关更多信息，请参阅Debian网站的发行说明和实时安装映像部分。
要将Debian 10 "buster"直接安装到计算机的硬盘上，您可以选择各种安装介质，如蓝光光盘，DVD，CD，USB记忆棒或通过网络连接。 可以通过这些图像安装几个桌面环境 - Cinnamon，GNOME，KDE等离子桌面和应用程序，LXDE，LXQt，MATE和Xfce。 此外，还提供"多架构" CD，支持从单个光盘中选择一种架构进行安装。 或者您始终可以创建可启动的USB安装介质（有关详细信息，请参阅“ 安装指南” ）。
对于云用户，Debian为许多最知名的云平台提供直接支持。 官方Debian图像可以通过每个图像市场轻松选择。 Debian还为amd64和arm64架构发布了预构建的OpenStack映像 ，可以在本地云设置中下载和使用。
Debian现在可以安装76种语言，其中大部分都可以在基于文本和图形的用户界面中使用。
安装映像现在可以通过bittorrent （推荐方法）， jigdo或HTTP下载 ; 有关详细信息，请参阅CD上的Debian 。 "Buster"很快将推出来自众多厂商的物理DVD，CD-ROM和蓝光光盘。
升级Debian
对于大多数配置，apt软件包管理工具会自动处理Debian 9（代号"扩展"名）对Debian 10的升级。 与往常一样，Debian系统可以在没有任何强制停机的情况下轻松升级，但强烈建议您阅读发行说明以及可能出现的问题的安装指南 ，以及有关安装和升级的详细说明。 发行说明将在发布后的几周内进一步改进并翻译成其他语言。
关于Debian
Debian是一个免费的操作系统，由来自世界各地的数千名志愿者开发，他们通过互联网进行协作。 Debian项目的主要优势在于其志愿者基础，对Debian社会契约和自由软件的奉献，以及致力于提供最佳操作系统的承诺。 这个新版本是朝这个方向迈出的又一重要一步。
联系信息
有关详细信息，请访问Debian网页https://www.debian.org/或发送邮件至<press@debian.org>。
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原文链接 https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190706
Debian 10 "buster" released
July 6th, 2019
After 25 months of development the Debian project is proud to present its new stable version 10 (code name "buster"), which will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and of the Debian Long Term Support team.
Debian 10 "buster" ships with several desktop applications and environments. Amongst others it now includes the desktop environments:
Cinnamon 3.8,
GNOME 3.30,
KDE Plasma 5.14,
LXDE 0.99.2,
LXQt 0.14,
MATE 1.20,
Xfce 4.12.
In this release, GNOME defaults to using the Wayland display server instead of Xorg. Wayland has a simpler and more modern design, which has advantages for security. However, the Xorg display server is still installed by default and the default display manager allows users to choose Xorg as the display server for their next session.
Thanks to the Reproducible Builds project, over 91% of the source packages included in Debian 10 will build bit-for-bit identical binary packages. This is an important verification feature which protects users against malicious attempts to tamper with compilers and build networks. Future Debian releases will include tools and metadata so that end-users can validate the provenance of packages within the archive.
For those in security-sensitive environments AppArmor, a mandatory access control framework for restricting programs' capabilities, is installed and enabled by default. Furthermore, all methods provided by APT (except cdrom, gpgv, and rsh) can optionally make use of "seccomp-BPF" sandboxing. The https method for APT is included in the apt package and does not need to be installed separately.
Network filtering is based on the nftables framework by default in Debian 10 "buster". Starting with iptables v1.8.2 the binary package includes iptables-nft and iptables-legacy, two variants of the iptables command line interface. The nftables-based variant uses the nf_tables Linux kernel subsystem. The "alternatives" system can be used to choose between the variants.
The UEFI ("Unified Extensible Firmware Interface") support first introduced in Debian 7 (code name "wheezy") continues to be greatly improved in Debian 10 "buster". Secure Boot support is included in this release for amd64, i386 and arm64 architectures and should work out of the box on most Secure Boot-enabled machines. This means users should no longer need to disable Secure Boot support in the firmware configuration.
The cups and cups-filters packages are installed by default in Debian 10 "buster", giving users everything that is needed to take advantage of driverless printing. Network print queues and IPP printers will be automatically set up and managed by cups-browsed and the use of non-free vendor printing drivers and plugins can be dispensed with.
Debian 10 "buster" includes numerous updated software packages (over 62% of all packages in the previous release), such as:
Apache 2.4.38
BIND DNS Server 9.11
Chromium 73.0
Emacs 26.1
Firefox 60.7 (in the firefox-esr package)
GIMP 2.10.8
GNU Compiler Collection 7.4 and 8.3
GnuPG 2.2
Golang 1.11
Inkscape 0.92.4
LibreOffice 6.1
Linux 4.19 series
MariaDB 10.3
OpenJDK 11
Perl 5.28
PHP 7.3
PostgreSQL 11
Python 3 3.7.2
Ruby 2.5.1
Rustc 1.34
Samba 4.9
systemd 241
Thunderbird 60.7.2
Vim 8.1
more than 59,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly 29,000 source packages.
With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide architecture support, Debian once again stays true to its goal of being the universal operating system. It is suitable for many different use cases: from desktop systems to netbooks; from development servers to cluster systems; and for database, web and storage servers. At the same time, additional quality assurance efforts like automatic installation and upgrade tests for all packages in Debian's archive ensure that "buster" fulfills the high expectations that users have of a stable Debian release.
A total of ten architectures are supported: 64-bit PC / Intel EM64T / x86-64 (amd64), 32-bit PC / Intel IA-32 (i386), 64-bit little-endian Motorola/IBM PowerPC (ppc64el), 64-bit IBM S/390 (s390x), for ARM, armel and armhf for older and more recent 32-bit hardware, plus arm64 for the 64-bit "AArch64" architecture, and for MIPS, mips (big-endian) and mipsel (little-endian) architectures for 32-bit hardware and mips64el architecture for 64-bit little-endian hardware.
Want to give it a try?
If you simply want to try Debian 10 "buster" without installing it, you can use one of the available live images which load and run the complete operating system in a read-only state via your computer's memory.
These live images are provided for the amd64 and i386 architectures and are available for DVDs, USB sticks, and netboot setups. The user can choose among different desktop environments to try: Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE Plasma, LXDE, MATE, Xfce and, new in buster, LXQt. Debian Live Buster re-introduces the standard live image, so it is also possible to try a base Debian system without any graphical user interface.
Should you enjoy the operating system you have the option of installing from the live image onto your computer's hard disk. The live image includes the Calamares independent installer as well as the standard Debian Installer. More information is available in the release notes and the live install images sections of the Debian website.
To install Debian 10 "buster" directly onto your computer's hard disk you can choose from a variety of installation media such as Blu-ray Disc, DVD, CD, USB stick, or via a network connection. Several desktop environments — Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE Plasma Desktop and Applications, LXDE, LXQt, MATE and Xfce — may be installed through those images. In addition, "multi-architecture" CDs are available which support installation from a choice of architectures from a single disc. Or you can always create bootable USB installation media (see the Installation Guide for more details).
For cloud users, Debian offers direct support for many of the best-known cloud platforms. Official Debian images are easily selected through each image marketplace. Debian also publishes pre-built OpenStack images for the amd64 and arm64 architectures, ready to download and use in local cloud setups.
Debian can now be installed in 76 languages, with most of them available in both text-based and graphical user interfaces.
The installation images may be downloaded right now via bittorrent (the recommended method), jigdo, or HTTP; see Debian on CDs for further information. "Buster" will soon be available on physical DVD, CD-ROM, and Blu-ray Discs from numerous vendors too.
Upgrading Debian
Upgrades to Debian 10 from the previous release, Debian 9 (code name "stretch") are automatically handled by the apt package management tool for most configurations. As always, Debian systems may be upgraded painlessly, in place, without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read the release notes as well as the installation guide for possible issues, and for detailed instructions on installing and upgrading. The release notes will be further improved and translated to additional languages in the weeks after the release.
About Debian
Debian is a free operating system, developed by thousands of volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the Internet. The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract and Free Software, and its commitment to provide the best operating system possible. This new release is another important step in that direction.
Contact Information
For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at https://www.debian.org/ or send mail to <press@debian.org>.
