TrueOS 8个月的使用印象 （谷歌翻译，误差较大，仅供参考，）
8 months with TrueOS
原文链接网址 https://inflo.ws/blog/post/2018-03-03-trueos-8th-month-review/
trueos bsd
这篇评论的目的 - 它是什么，什么不是。
如果我已经达到了六个月的使用标准，我发誓要写下我对TrueOS的看法。 就是这样。 这既不是教程，也不是献身于此的传福音。
这也不是对诸如Lumina或AppCafe之类的TrueOS的特定部分的评论，因为我根本不使用它们。
本着呈现屏幕截图的精神，这里是我的i3wm在一个屏幕上显示4个窗口 - 这是我从不使用的配置。
我用电脑完成的主要任务。
我需要一个多桌面功能的平铺WM。至于我用计算机做什么，描述我是否列举了我最常用的应用程序非常简单。
xterm（CLI）
Emacs（常规编辑和组织模式）
Intellij IDEA（Java，Kotlin，SQL）
Firefox（主网页浏览器，带多帐户容器）
雷鸟（工作电子邮件）
Notmuchmail（个人电子邮件）
铬/铱（哑网页浏览器）
电报桌面
weechat（与小松弛）
cmus（音乐播放器）
mpv（视频播放器）
mps-youtube（Youtube客户端）
传输GTK
Postgresql10（守护进程）
Rabbitmq（守护进程）
Seafile（文件同步）
Shotwell（管理图片）
GIMP（编辑图片）
Calibre（管理电子书）
VirtualBox的
所有这些都可以从存储库以二进制包的形式获得。由于我使用Intellij Ultimate版本，因此我决定从网站下载no-jdk linux版本，而不是安装它。这将确保它定期更新。
我为什么选择TrueOS？
从2001年一直到2009年，我都运行了各种Linux发行版，直到我发现了Arch，并一直持续到2017年。在切换到TrueOS之前，我试用了两个月的Void。
在过去的几年里，我开始感觉到无论我接触哪种Linux发行版，他们都停止了非常有意义的事情。一般情况下，组织的方式，特别是像systemd这样的软件方面，这些软件只是推下了我的喉咙。我无法将自己的头围绕在计算机中正在进行的一半事情上。
大多数情况下，我发现Linux发行版已经停止成为一系列应用程序，这些应用程序一起发展到像systemd这样的软件机制，并且这个过程越来越不透明。我不想谈论systemd的优点和缺点，只要说我发现它没有用处和不必要的麻烦。
二月份，我发现自己负责一家公司的整个技术体系，我可以自由选择。一位长期使用FreeBSD用户的朋友说服我在服务器上试用它。我的要求是运行Postgres，Rabbitmq，Nginx和几个JVM进程。该设置是零麻烦，并没有改变一年。
在服务器上运行大约三个月的FreeBSD-11.x足以让我考虑为我的笔记本电脑。我非常担心硬件支持，但幸运的是我的电脑是Thinkpad，Thinkpad和各种BSD一起开箱即用。
我的一般要求是
必须运行Intellij IDEA。
必须有适当的图形和声音驱动程序支持。
必须能够运行VirtualBox。
我必须从FreeBSD，NetBSD和OpenBSD中选择，因为这些是我熟悉的主要BSD。我的一个要求是我需要能够运行虚拟机，以防我需要在Windows / Linux上测试某些东西。这排除了OpenBSD。然后我留下了NetBSD和FreeBSD。 NetBSD的驱动程序支持更新的英特尔芯片组是有问题的，而FreeBSD是唯一的选择。
当我通过FreeBSD论坛进行挖掘时，发现在我的笔记本电脑上运行11.x RELEASE是不可能的，因为它没有适合我的芯片组的驱动程序。
再过几个小时的挖掘让我转向了GhostBSD和TrueOS。我之所以选择TrueOS是因为 - 因为TrueOS来自旧的PC-BSD，它是在集成了最新驱动的FreeBSD-12-CURRENT的基础上构建的。
我下载了2017年6月发布的UNSTABLE版本，备份了我的所有数据和主目录，然后安装了它。在安装过程中没有出现故障 - 我只需按照手册中的描述进行安装，一切都很好。
我从Arch / Void到TrueOS的整个切换花费了大约一个小时，折扣了将数据备份到外部硬盘所用的时间。这很简单。我想要工作的每件事都可以工作，所有事情都可以在回购协议中找到。
来自cooltrainer.org的调整
我发现了这篇（ 链接地址 https://cooltrainer.org/a-freebsd-desktop-howto/ ）介绍设置FreeBSD 11桌面的优秀教程。它记录了几个有用的调整，其中一些是我应用的。几个例子 - 字体，VirtualBox，防火墙，UTF-8部分。
TrueOS（和FreeBSD）特定的东西我喜欢
开放式RC
open-rc init系统很熟悉，并且有很好的文档记录。
TrueOS特定部分在这里描述。
当我安装postgresql10-server时，没有open-rc脚本，但是我可以在两个小时内拼凑一个，并且以前没有编写init脚本的经验。后来我发现postgresql9的初始化脚本也可以用于10，并使用它。
引导环境
这对我来说是一个外星人的概念，但是我第一次在没有等待CDN同步完成的情况下进行更新时，我的计算机启动进入外壳并保留在那里。 TrueOS话语中的友善人士要求我回滚到较早的BE，并等待同步完成。
我通过论坛挖掘并发现了TrueFS新用户的“ZFS /快照基础知识和操作指南”。这描述了ZFS和BE，非常值得一读。
ZFS
我的启动环境经验足以让我相信ZFS的实用性。我仍在阅读有关内容并尝试解决问题，而我所读到的内容只是让我更加确信它为什么好。
文件系统布局
从Linux世界开始，FreeBSD文件系统的布局初看起来很奇怪。
然后我意识到这是Linux发行者做的奇怪事情。
例如：整个操作系统分为基本系统和应用程序。所有非基础系统配置和应用程序都将进入/ usr / local。这很有道理。
整个操作系统是作为一个单一的连贯实体与其应用程序一起开发的，并显示出来。
文档
TrueOS和FreeBSD的手册都非常棒。例如，我将一些文件保存在LUKS加密驱动器中（当我使用Arch Linux时）。为了找到相同的东西，我只需要阅读手册并查看GELI部分。
实际上，能够像Handbook这样的来源以及来自那里的东西只是工作而已。
如果有人想知道Linux发行版，Arch Linux和Gentoo也有很好的文档。
社区
Telegram以及Discourse上的TrueOS社区都非常友好和耐心。当我提出非常愚蠢的问题时，他们帮助了很多人，不会感到不安。 TrueOS核心开发人员也在电报聊天室中闲聊，并且能够直接与他们谈论事情真是太好了。
什么在TrueOS中不起作用？
在我的Linux任职期间工作的以下内容在TrueOS中不起作用。
Netflix公司
Google环聊
基于电子的应用（Slack，Skype）
这些并不是我所做的工作的主要关注点，所以它不会让我感到困扰。我运行一个WinXP虚拟机来玩一些老游戏，以及一个用于Linux环境/ Netflix的Bunsenlabs安装。
我在TrueOS中没有视频呼叫系统设置，因为我只用手机进行语音和视频通话。
我为什么留在TrueOS上？
伟大的社区 - 无论是在话语还是电报频道，人们都会让你感到受欢迎。如果事情没有得到答复，有人会答应对其进行处理/提出错误/建议解决方法。
切换到TrueOS也是哲学 - 我想了解更多关于许可证的内容，而且我得出的结论是我喜欢BSD而不是GPL。我相信这是一个更实用的许可证。
我相信TrueOS正在不断改进，如果你花一些时间，它是一个很棒的桌面UNIX。
©2017-2018，保留所有权利。
原文（有图片）链接 https://inflo.ws/blog/post/2018-03-03-trueos-8th-month-review/
8 months with TrueOS
trueos bsd
Purpose of this review - what it is and what it is not.
I vowed to write down what I felt about TrueOS if I ever got to the six month mark of usage. This is just that. This is neither a tutorial, nor a piece of evangelism dedicated towards it.
This is also not a review of specific parts of TrueOS such as Lumina or AppCafe, since I don't use them at all.
In the spirit of presenting a screen shot, here is my i3wm displaying 4 windows in one screen - a configuration that I never use.
The primary tasks I get done with my computer.
I need a tiling wm with multi-desktop capability. As regards what I do with a computer, it is fairly straightforward to describe if I just list down my most frequently used applications.
xterm (CLI)
Emacs (General editing and org mode)
Intellij IDEA (Java, Kotlin, SQL)
Firefox (Main web browser, with Multi-Account Containers)
Thunderbird (Work e-mail)
Notmuchmail (Personal e-mail)
Chromium/Iridium (Dumb web browers)
Telegram Desktop
weechat (with wee-slack)
cmus (Music player)
mpv (Video player)
mps-youtube (Youtube client)
transmission-gtk
Postgresql10 (daemon)
Rabbitmq (daemon)
Seafile (file sync)
Shotwell (manage pictures)
GIMP (Edit pictures)
Calibre (Manage e-books)
VirtualBox
All of these are available as binary packages from the repository. Since I use Intellij Ultimate edition, I decided to download the no-jdk linux version from the website rather than install it. This would make sure that it gets updated regularly.
Why did I pick TrueOS ?
I ran various Linux distributions from 2001 all the way till 2009, till I discovered Arch, and continued with it till 2017. I tried out Void for two months before I switched to TrueOS.
Over the last few years, I started feeling like no matter which Linux distribution I touched, they all just stopped making a lot of sense. Generally in the way things were organised, and particularly in terms of software like systemd, which just got pushed down my throat. I couldn't wrap my head around half the things going on in my computer.
Mostly I found that Linux distributions stopped becoming a collection of applications that got developed together to something more coupled by software mechanisms like systemd - and that process was more and more opaque. I don't want to talk about the merits and de-merits of systemd, lets just say that I found it of no use and an unnecessary hassle.
In February, I found myself in charge of the entire technology stack of a company, and I was free to make choices. A friend who was a long time FreeBSD user convinced me to try it on the servers. My requirement then was to run Postgres, Rabbitmq, Nginx and a couple of JVM processes. The setup was zero hassle and it hasn't changed much in a year.
About three months of running FreeBSD-11.x on servers was enough for me to consider it for my laptop. I was very apprehensive of hardware support, but luckily my computer is a Thinkpad, and Thinkpads sort of work out of the box with various BSDs.
My general requirements were
Must run Intellij IDEA.
Must have proper graphics and sound driver support.
Must be able to run VirtualBox.
I had to pick from FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD, since these were the major BSDs that I was familiar with. One of my requirements was that I needed to be able to run VMs just in case I needed to test something on Windows/Linux. This ruled out OpenBSD. Then I was left with NetBSD and FreeBSD. NetBSD's driver support for newer Intel chip-sets were questionable, and FreeBSD was the only choice then.
When I was digging through FreeBSD forums, I found out that running the 11.x RELEASE on my laptop was out of the question since it didn't have proper drivers for my chip-set either.
A few more hours of digging led me to GhostBSD and TrueOS. I picked TrueOS straightaway because - well because TrueOS came from the old PC-BSD and it was built off FreeBSD-12-CURRENT with the latest drivers integrated.
I downloaded the UNSTABLE version available in June 2017, backed up ALL my data and home directory, and then installed it. There were no glitches during installation - I simply followed the installation as described in the handbook and everything was fine.
My entire switch from Arch/Void to TrueOS took about an hour, discounting the time it took to backup my data to an external hard disk. It was that easy. Everything I wanted to work just worked, everything was available in the repo.
Tweaks from cooltrainer.org
I discovered this excellent tutorial that describes setting up a FreeBSD 11 desktop（ https://cooltrainer.org/a-freebsd-desktop-howto/ ）. It documents several useful tweaks, some of which I applied. A few examples - Fonts, VirtualBox, Firewall, UTF-8 sections.
TrueOS (and FreeBSD) specific things I liked
Open-rc
The open-rc init system is familiar and is well documented.
TrueOS specific parts are described here.
When I installed postgresql10-server, there was no open-rc script for it, but I could cobble one together in two hours with zero prior experience writing init scripts. Later on I figured out that the init script for postgresql9 would work for 10 as well, and used that.
Boot Environments
This was an alien concept to me, but the first time I did an update without waiting for a CDN sync to finish, my computer booted into the shell and remained there. The friendly people at TrueOS discourse asked me to roll back to an older BE and wait for sync to finish.
I dug through the forums and found "ZFS / Snapshots basics & How-To’s for those new to TrueOS". This describes ZFS and BEs, and is well worth reading.
ZFS
My experience with boot environments was enough to convince me about the utility of ZFS. I am still reading about it and trying things out, and whatever I read just convinces me more about why it is good.
File-system layout
Coming from the Linux world, how the FreeBSD file-system is laid out seemed odd at first.
Then I realised that it was the Linux distros that were doing the odd thing.
e.g : The whole OS is split into base system and applications. All the non base system configurations and apps go into /usr/local. That made a lot of sense.
The entire OS is developed along with its applications as a single coherent entity, and that shows.
Documentation
The handbooks for both TrueOS and FreeBSD are really really good. For e.g, I kept some files in an LUKS encrypted drive (when I used Arch Linux). To find an equivalent, all I had to do was read the handbook and look at the GELI section.
It is actually nice being able to go to a source like Handbook and things from there just work.
Arch Linux and Gentoo has excellent documentation as well, if anyone is wondering about Linux distros.
Community
The TrueOS community on both Telegram as well as on Discourse are very friendly and patient. They help out a lot and do not get upset when I pose really stupid questions. TrueOS core developers hangout in the Telegram chat-room too, and it is nice being able to talk to them directly about things.
What did not work in TrueOS ?
The following things that worked during my Linux tenure doesn't work in TrueOS.
Netflix
Google Hangouts
Electron based applications (Slack, Skype)
These are not major concerns for the kind of work I do, so it doesn't bother me much. I run a WinXP VM to play some old games, and a Bunsenlabs installation for Linux things like Hangouts/Netflix.
I don't have a video calling system setup in TrueOS because I use my phone for both voice and video calls exclusively.
Why am I staying on TrueOS ?
Great community - whether on Discourse or on the telegram channel, the people make you feel welcome. If things go unanswered, someone will promise to work on it/file a bug/suggest work-arounds.
Switching to TrueOS was philosophical as well - I thought a lot more about licenses, and I have arrived at the conclusion that I like BSD more than GPL. I believe it is a more practical license.
I believe TrueOS is improving continuously, and is a great desktop UNIX if you put some time into it.
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